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What is an Arrhythmia? (Irregular Heartbeat)

An arrhythmia is a problem with the way your heart beats. Usually, your heart beats in a steady rhythm. However, with an arrhythmia, the heartbeat can be too fast, too slow, or uneven. This is also called an irregular heartbeat. During orthopedic surgery, such as joint replacement or bone repair, arrhythmias can sometimes occur. Because surgery can put stress on your body, it is important to know about arrhythmias and how they may affect your health.

Common Symptoms

Arrhythmias can cause different symptoms. Some people may not notice any signs. Others may feel:

Fluttering or pounding in the chest

Feeling dizzy or lightheaded

Shortness of breath

Chest pain or discomfort

Weakness or tiredness

Fainting or near-fainting

However, not every irregular heartbeat feels the same. If you notice any of these symptoms, especially during or after orthopedic surgery, tell your doctor right away.

Causes and Risk Factors

Many things can cause arrhythmias. Sometimes, they happen because of heart problems. Other times, they can be linked to surgery or other health issues. Common causes and risk factors include:

Heart disease or high blood pressure

Electrolyte imbalances (like low potassium)

Stress from surgery, including orthopedic procedures

Use of certain medicines

Older age

Smoking or drinking too much alcohol

Sleep problems, such as sleep apnea

During orthopedic surgery, your body may react to anesthesia or blood loss. As a result, your heart rhythm can change. This is why doctors watch your heart closely during and after surgery.

How Arrhythmias are Diagnosed

Doctors use several tests to find out if you have an arrhythmia. For example, they may use:

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG): This test records your heart’s electrical activity.

Holter monitor: You wear this device for a day or two to track your heartbeat.

Blood tests: These can check for problems like low potassium or thyroid issues.

Imaging tests: Sometimes, doctors use ultrasound or other scans to look at your heart.

Often, these tests are done before and after orthopedic surgery to keep you safe.

Treatment Options

Treatment for arrhythmia depends on the type and cause. Some people may not need treatment if the arrhythmia is mild. However, if you have symptoms or if your heart rhythm is very abnormal, your doctor may suggest:

Medicines to control your heartbeat

Procedures to fix the heart’s rhythm, such as electrical shock (cardioversion)

Pacemaker: A small device placed under the skin to help your heart beat regularly

Treating other health problems, like high blood pressure

During orthopedic surgery, your care team will watch for arrhythmias and treat them quickly if needed.

Lifestyle Tips and Prevention

Even though some arrhythmias cannot be prevented, you can lower your risk. Try these tips:

Eat a healthy diet with fruits and vegetables

Exercise regularly, but talk to your doctor first

Avoid smoking and limit alcohol

Manage stress with relaxation techniques

Take your medicines as directed

Keep regular check-ups, especially before surgery

Before any orthopedic surgery, let your doctor know if you have a history of heart rhythm problems.

When to Seek Medical Help

Arrhythmias can sometimes be serious. Therefore, you should get help right away if you:

Feel chest pain or pressure

Have trouble breathing

Faint or feel like you might faint

Notice a very fast or slow heartbeat

After orthopedic surgery, always report new symptoms to your care team. Early treatment can prevent complications.

Conclusion

Arrhythmias, or irregular heartbeats, can happen during or after orthopedic surgery. But with careful monitoring and treatment, most people recover well. If you have concerns about your heart rhythm, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice on arrhythmia.

Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), World Health Organization (WHO), American Heart Association